1
# 定义函数
2
def 函数名(参数列表):
3
    函数体
4
    ......
5
    return 返回值
6

7
# 调用函数
8
函数名(参数)

1
# 定义函数
2
def out_line():
3
    print("---------------------------")
4

5
# 调用函数
6
out_line()

1
---------------------------

1
def 函数名(参数列表):
2
    函数体
3
    return 返回值

1
def circle_area(r):
2
    area = 3.14 * r * r
3
    return area
4

5
c_area = circle_area(10)
6
print(c_area)

1
314.0

1
def rectangle_area(l, w):
2
    area = l * w
3
    return area
4

5
r_area = rectangle_area(20, 10)
6
print(r_area)

1
200

1
def circle_area(r):
2
    return 3.14 * r * r
3

4
print(circle_area(10))

1
def calc(a, b):
2
    return a + b, a - b, a * b
3

4
result = calc(10, 5)
5
print(result)

1
(15, 5, 50)

1
x, y, z = calc(10, 5)
2
print(x)
3
print(y)
4
print(z)

1
15
2
5
3
50

1
def add(a, b):
2
    return a + b
3

4
result = add(10, 20)
5
print(result)

1
30

1
def circle_area_len(r):
2
    """
3
    该函数用于根据圆的半径，计算圆的面积和圆的周长
4
    :param r: 圆的半径
5
    :return: 圆的面积，圆的周长
6
    """
7
    return 3.14 * r * r, 2 * 3.14 * r
8

9
al = circle_area_len(10)
10
print(al)

1
(314.0, 62.800000000000004)

1
help(circle_area_len)

1
def function_a():
2
    print("a ... before")
3
    function_b()
4
    print("a ... after")
5

6
def function_b():
7
    print("b ... before")
8
    function_c()
9
    print("b ... after")
10

11
def function_c():
12
    print("c ...")
13

14
function_a()

1
a ... before
2
b ... before
3
c ...
4
b ... after
5
a ... after

1
function_a() 开始
2
  │
3
  ├─ 打印 "a ... before"
4
  │
5
  ├─ 调用 function_b()
6
  │   │
7
  │   ├─ 打印 "b ... before"
8
  │   │
9
  │   ├─ 调用 function_c()
10
  │   │   │
11
  │   │   └─ 打印 "c ..."
12
  │   │
13
  │   ├─ 打印 "b ... after"
14
  │   │
15
  │   └─ function_b() 返回
16
  │
17
  ├─ 打印 "a ... after"
18
  │
19
  └─ function_a() 返回

1
面积 = 底 * 高 / 2

1
def triangle_area(b, h):
2
    """
3
    该函数用于根据底和高计算三角形的面积
4
    :param b: 三角形的底
5
    :param h: 三角形的高
6
    :return: 三角形的面积
7
    """
8
    return (b * h) / 2
9

10
print(triangle_area(10, 20))

1
100.0

1
aeiouAEIOU

1
def count_vowel(s):
2
    """
3
    该函数用于统计指定字符串中元音字母的个数
4
    :param s: 需要统计的字符串
5
    :return: 元音字母的个数
6
    """
7
    count = 0
8
    for i in s:
9
        if i in "aeiouAEIOU":
10
            count += 1
11
    return count
12

13
print(count_vowel("hello world"))

1
3

1
def calc_score(scores):
2
    """
3
    该函数用于计算班级学员成绩列表中的最高分、最低分和平均分
4
    :param scores: 成绩列表
5
    :return: 最高分、最低分、平均分
6
    """
7
    max_score = max(scores)
8
    min_score = min(scores)
9
    avg_score = sum(scores) / len(scores)
10
    avg_score = round(avg_score, 1)
11
    return max_score, min_score, avg_score
12

13
print(calc_score([672, 435, 544, 567, 705, 668, 634, 527, 540, 525, 645, 621, 589, 612]))

1
(705, 435, 591.7)

1
def calc_grade(score):
2
    if score >= 90:
3
        return "A"
4
    elif score >= 75:
5
        return "B"
6
    elif score >= 60:
7
        return "C"
8
    else:
9
        return "D"
10

11
print(calc_grade(100))
12
print(calc_grade(50))
13
print(calc_grade(70))

1
A
2
D
3
C

1
level
2
radar
3
黄山落叶松叶落山黄

1
def is_palindrome(s):
2
    return s == s[::-1]
3

4
print(is_palindrome("level"))
5
print(is_palindrome("hello"))

1
True
2
False

1
def time_change(total_seconds):
2
    """
3
    该函数用于时间转换，将秒转换为小时、分钟、秒
4
    :param total_seconds: 总秒数
5
    :return: 小时，分钟，秒
6
    """
7
    hours = total_seconds // 3600
8
    minutes = (total_seconds - hours * 3600) // 60
9
    seconds = total_seconds - hours * 3600 - minutes * 60
10
    return hours, minutes, seconds
11

12
print(time_change(10000))
13

14
h, m, s = time_change(10000)
15
print(f"10000秒转换为{h}小时{m}分{s}秒")

1
(2, 46, 40)
2
10000秒转换为2小时46分40秒

1
def triangle_type(a, b, c):
2
    if a + b <= c or a + c <= b or b + c <= a:
3
        return "不能构成三角形"
4
    elif a == b == c:
5
        return "等边三角形"
6
    elif a == b or a == c or b == c:
7
        return "等腰三角形"
8
    else:
9
        return "普通三角形"
10

11
print(triangle_type(3, 3, 3))
12
print(triangle_type(3, 3, 5))
13
print(triangle_type(3, 4, 5))
14
print(triangle_type(1, 2, 3))

1
num = 100
2

3
def circle_area(r):
4
    pi = 3.14
5
    area = pi * r * r
6
    return area
7

8
count = 0
9

10
c_area = circle_area(10)
11
print(c_area)

1
num1 = 1
2

3
def fun1():
4
    num1 = 100
5
    print(num1)
6

7
fun1()
8
print(num1)

1
100
2
1

1
num1 = 1
2

3
def fun1():
4
    global num1
5
    num1 = 100
6
    print(num1)
7

8
fun1()
9
print(num1)

1
100
2
100

1
def reg_stu(name, age, gender, city):
2
    print(f"注册成功,姓名:{name}, 年龄:{age}, 性别:{gender}, 城市:{city}")
3
    return {"name": name, "age": age, "gender": gender, "city": city}
4

5
stu = reg_stu("张三", 18, "男", "北京")
6
print(stu)

1
注册成功,姓名:张三, 年龄:18, 性别:男, 城市:北京
2
{'name': '张三', 'age': 18, 'gender': '男', 'city': '北京'}

1
def reg_stu(name, age, gender, city):
2
    print(f"注册成功,姓名:{name}, 年龄:{age}, 性别:{gender}, 城市:{city}")
3
    return {"name": name, "age": age, "gender": gender, "city": city}
4

5
stu = reg_stu(name="张三", age=18, gender="男", city="北京")
6
print(stu)
7

8
stu2 = reg_stu(gender="男", name="王五", city="上海", age=22)
9
print(stu2)

1
stu = reg_stu("赵四", 28, gender="男", city="上海")
2
print(stu)

1
# 错误：位置参数不能放在关键字参数后面
2
stu = reg_stu(name="赵四", 28, gender="男", city="上海")

1
def reg_stu(name, age, gender, city="北京"):
2
    print(f"注册成功,姓名:{name}, 年龄:{age}, 性别:{gender}, 城市:{city}")
3
    return {"name": name, "age": age, "gender": gender, "city": city}
4

5
stu = reg_stu("张三", 18, "男")
6
print(stu)
7

8
stu = reg_stu("赵四", 22, "男", "深圳")
9
print(stu)

1
注册成功,姓名:张三, 年龄:18, 性别:男, 城市:北京
2
{'name': '张三', 'age': 18, 'gender': '男', 'city': '北京'}
3
注册成功,姓名:赵四, 年龄:22, 性别:男, 城市:深圳
4
{'name': '赵四', 'age': 22, 'gender': '男', 'city': '深圳'}

1
# 错误：默认参数不能放在普通参数前面
2
def reg_stu(city="北京", name, age):
3
    pass

1
def reg_stu(name, age, city="北京"):
2
    pass

1
def calc_data(*args):
2
    min_data = min(args)
3
    max_data = max(args)
4
    avg_data = sum(args) / len(args)
5
    return min_data, max_data, round(avg_data, 1)
6

7
data = calc_data(10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100)
8
print(data)
9

10
data = calc_data(100, 200, 300, 400, 500)
11
print(data)

1
(10, 100, 55.0)
2
(100, 500, 300.0)

1
def calc_data(*args, **kwargs):
2
    min_data = min(args)
3
    max_data = max(args)
4
    avg_data = sum(args) / len(args)
5

6
    if kwargs.get("round"):
7
        avg_data = round(avg_data, kwargs.get("round"))
8

9
    return min_data, max_data, avg_data
10

11
data = calc_data(100, 200, 300, 400, round=2, count=0)
12
print(data)
13

14
data = calc_data(33, 11, 28, 91, 32, 75, 49)
15
print(data)

1
(100, 400, 250.0)
2
(11, 91, 45.57142857142857)

1
def circle_area(r):
2
    area = 3.14 * r ** 2
3
    return area
4

5
area = circle_area(10)
6
print(area)

1
def calc_score(score_list):
2
    max_s = max(score_list)
3
    min_s = min(score_list)
4
    avg_s = round(sum(score_list) / len(score_list), 1)
5
    return max_s, min_s, avg_s
6

7
s_list = [589, 609, 605, 643, 677, 455, 477, 489, 503]
8
max_score, min_score, avg_score = calc_score(s_list)
9

10
print(max_score, min_score, avg_score)

1
def add(x, y):
2
    return x + y
3

4
def subtract(x, y):
5
    return x - y
6

7
def calc(x, y, oper):
8
    return oper(x, y)
9

10
result = calc(10, 20, add)
11
print(result)

1
30

1
lambda 参数列表: 函数体

1
def out_line():
2
    print("-------------------------")
3

4
def add(x, y):
5
    return x + y
6

7
out_line()
8
print(add(10, 20))

1
out_line = lambda: print("-------------------------")
2
add = lambda x, y: x + y
3

4
out_line()
5
print(add(100, 200))

1
-------------------------
2
300

1
8! = 8 * 7 * 6 * 5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 1
2
7! = 7 * 6 * 5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 1
3
6! = 6 * 5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 1

1
f(n) = n * f(n - 1)
2
f(1) = 1

1
def factorial(n):
2
    if n == 1:
3
        return 1
4
    return n * factorial(n - 1)
5

6
print(factorial(8))

1
40320

1
def calc_grade(class_name, *args):
2
    """
3
    根据输入的班级名称，以及班级中各个学员的考试总分，
4
    统计班级平均分、高于平均分的人数和低于平均分的人数
5
    :param class_name: 班级名称
6
    :param args: 班级学员分数，元组类型
7
    :return: 平均分，高于平均分的人数，低于平均分的人数
8
    """
9
    total_score = sum(args)
10
    avg_score = total_score / len(args)
11
    above_avg_count = sum(1 for score in args if score > avg_score)
12
    below_avg_count = sum(1 for score in args if score < avg_score)
13
    return avg_score, above_avg_count, below_avg_count
14

15
avg_score, above_avg_count, below_avg_count = calc_grade(
16
    "六年级一班",
17
    650, 683, 706, 593, 623, 634, 712, 588, 562, 470, 611
18
)
19

20
print(f"班级【六年级一班】的平均分是 {avg_score:.2f}, 高于平均分的人数有 {above_avg_count} 人, 低于平均分的人数有 {below_avg_count} 人")

1
("商品名", 价格, 数量)

1
def calc_cart_total_price(*goods, coupon_price=0, point_deduction=0, express_price=0):
2
    """
3
    根据商品信息、优惠券、积分抵扣和运费计算购物车总金额
4
    :param goods: 商品信息
5
    :param coupon_price: 优惠券金额
6
    :param point_deduction: 积分抵扣金额
7
    :param express_price: 运费金额
8
    :return: 购物车总金额
9
    """
10
    total_price = sum(good[1] * good[2] for good in goods)
11

12
    if total_price > 5000:
13
        total_price -= coupon_price
14

15
    if total_price > 8000:
16
        total_price -= point_deduction
17

18
    return total_price + express_price
19

20
print(calc_cart_total_price(
21
    ("鼠标", 100, 2),
22
    ("键盘", 200, 3),
23
    coupon_price=500,
24
    point_deduction=1000,
25
    express_price=50
26
))

1
[要插入的值 for i in 数据集 if 条件]

1
nums = [i for i in range(10) if i % 2 == 0]
2
print(nums)

1
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8]

1
(要插入的值 for i in 数据集 if 条件)

1
nums = (i for i in range(10) if i % 2 == 0)
2
print(nums)
3

4
for num in nums:
5
    print(num)

1
total = sum(i for i in range(1000000))
2
print(total)

1
a = 695
2
score = 98.5
3
hobby = "Python"
4
flag = True
5
pic = None
6

7
names = ["A", "C", "E"]
8
phones = {"13309091111", "15209109121"}
9
options = {"count": 0, "total": 0}
10
goods = ("手机", 5999, 1)

1
a: int = 695
2
score: float = 98.5
3
hobby: str = "Python"
4
flag: bool = True
5
pic: None = None
6

7
names: list[str] = ["A", "C", "E"]
8
phones: set[str] = {"13309091111", "15209109121"}
9
options: dict[str, int] = {"count": 0, "total": 0}
10
goods: tuple[str, int, int] = ("手机", 5999, 1)

1
a = 695
2
score = 98.5
3
hobby = "Python"
4
flag = True
5
pic = None

1
变量名: 数据类型 = 值

1
name: str = "Tom"
2
age: int = 18
3
score: float = 98.5

1
def 函数名(参数名: 参数类型) -> 返回值类型:
2
    函数体

1
def calc(scores: list[int]) -> float:
2
    return sum(scores) / len(scores)

1
def calc_data(scores: list[int]) -> tuple[int, int, float]:
2
    max_v = max(scores)
3
    min_v = min(scores)
4
    avg_v = sum(scores) / len(scores)
5
    return max_v, min_v, avg_v

1
def calc_cart_total_price(
2
    *goods: tuple[str, float, int],
3
    coupon_price: int = 0,
4
    point_deduction: int = 0,
5
    express_price: float = 0
6
) -> float:
7
    """
8
    定义一个用于根据商品信息、优惠券、积分抵扣、运费信息计算购物车总金额的函数
9
    :param goods: 商品信息
10
    :param coupon_price: 优惠券金额
11
    :param point_deduction: 积分抵扣积分数
12
    :param express_price: 运费金额
13
    :return: 购物车总金额
14
    """
15
    total_price = sum(good[1] * good[2] for good in goods)
16

17
    if total_price > 5000 and coupon_price <= total_price:
18
        total_price -= coupon_price
19

20
    if total_price > 5000 and point_deduction // 100 <= total_price:
21
        total_price -= point_deduction // 100
22

23
    return total_price + express_price
24

25
print(calc_cart_total_price(
26
    ("鼠标", 88.5, 2),
27
    ("键盘", 168.9, 3),
28
    coupon_price=500,
29
    point_deduction=1000,
30
    express_price=8.5
31
))

1
def calc_data(scores: list[int]) -> tuple[int, int, float]:
2
    max_v = max(scores)
3
    min_v = min(scores)
4
    avg_v = sum(scores) / len(scores)
5
    return max_v, min_v, avg_v